Tripping device



TRIPPING DEVICE Filed Aug. 17, 1960 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 I10 INVENTOR.

JAMES J. EAVES United States Patent 3,039,809 TRIPPING DEVICE James J. Eaves, Louisville, Miss, assignor to Taylor Machine Works, Louisville, Miss. Filed Aug. 17, 1960, Ser. No. 50,218 7 Claims. (Cl. 29476) This invention relates to a tripping or actuating device for releasing loads from load carrying slings, and is particularly adapted for use with cable operated machines for handling pulp wood and other packaged wood products where it is necessary to release the slings from underneath the package after it is lowered into place.

in the above mentioned type of machine, when pulp wood is loaded onto railroad rack cars, no runners or dividers can be used; and, therefore, the load is resting firmly on the slings used to handle it. Heretofore, the construction of the slings and the means for releasing the slings from underneath the wood was generally as follows:

A pair of loops or slings were used and each of the slings comprised a pair of cable or sling members. Each pair of sling members were releasably held together by a shaft extending through an eye or loop provided in the adjoining end of the sling members. The shaft had an eye in one end and a cable leading from the eye to a so-called third drum on the machine. To clarify this terminology, this is called a third drum since there is one drum to actuate the boom of the machine and another drum to raise and lower the load carrying sling. After lifting the wood from the truck and after lowering into place on the rack car, by means of the cable leading to the third drum, the shaft was pulled from underneath the Wood and thus from the eyes on the ends of the sling members, which left the ends of the sling members dis connected to be pulled from around the wood.

'1" he present invention eliminates all need for the heretofore mentioned third drum, by providing a tripping device which is automatically set for actuation by lowering the base of the device onto the load being handled. Then upon subsequent raising of the device, the connecting means of the sling members are disconnected to release the load and the actuating means is automatically reset for a new load.

Thus, one of the objects of the present invention is to provide an improved device for releasing the load from load carrying slings and which device does not require a third drum.

A further object is to provide in such a device hook means releasably holding the ends of the sling members together and a trip line attached thereto in such a manner that a pull on the trip line is effective to disconnect the hook means and release the load.

A further object is to provide such a device which includes means for efi'ectively shortening the trip line relative to the sling when the device is lowered onto the load so that when the device is subsequently raised the trip line is tightened and a pull is exerted on the trip line for disconnecting the sling members to release the load.

A further object is to provide such a device in which said means for eiiectively shortening the trip line comprises a carrier or base to which the trip line is attached and an upper part of the device to which the sling is attached, and to provide such a device in which the carrier and upper part are movably mounted relative to each other so that with the carrier resting on the load the upper part is adapted to move downwardly relative to the carrier whereby in efiect the trip line is moved upwardly relative to the upper part and is thus efiectively shortened relative to the sling.

A further object is to provide a spring loaded pin means for releasably holding the carrier in a fixed position relative to the upper part so that subsequent upward movement of the device is effective to tighten the trip line relative to the sling .and release the load.

A further object is to provide means for automatically releasing the pin means so that the device is automatically reset for the next load.

A further object is generally to improve the design and construction of tripping devices.

The means by which the foregoing and other objects of the present invention are accomplished and the manner of their accomplishment will be readily understood from the following specification upon reference to the accompanying drawings in which:

FIG. 1 is a top plan view of the tripping device of the present invention, with the chains being removed therefrom for purposes of clarity and with the device being shown in a retracted disposition.

FIG. 2 is an end view of the same, but showing fragmentary portions of the chains in place.

FIG. 3 is a side elevational view of the device of FIG. 2, but with the device being shown in an extended disposition and with the sling being shown in a latched disposition.

FIG. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken as on the line IVIV of FIG. 1.

FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 3, but showing the device in a retracted disposition and the sling in a released disposition.

FIG. 6' is a somewhat diagrammatic view of the device of the present invention shown in use to load pulp wood.

Referring now to the drawing in which the various parts are indicated by numerals, the tripping device 11 of the present invention comprises in general an upper part 13 and a carrier 15. Upper part 13 and carrier 15 are movably joined together for movement between a first position relative to each other, in which position device 11 is in a retracted disposition, as shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 46, and a second position relative to each other, in which second position device 11 is in an extended disposition, as shown in FIG. 3.

Tripping device 11 is movably supported by suitable means as a rig 17. Only the lower part of rig 17 is shown in the drawings and the rig preferably includes a pulley 19 coupled to upper part 13 by suitable means, as a shackle 21 extending through an aperture 23 in a hanger 25. In addition, rig 17 includes a cable 27 leading through and supporting pulley 19. Cable 27 is in turn supported from a boom, or other suitable means, not shown, and leads, in the usual manner, to a drum, not shown. In addition to hanger 25, upper part 13 comprises a substantially flat and horizontal platform 29 fixedly attached to hanger 25 at the lower end thereof by suitable means, as for example welding or the like. End members 31, 32 are fixedly attached adjacent opposite ends of platform 29 and depend therefrom. Also, side members 33, 34 .are fixedly attached adjacent opposite side edges of platform 29 and depend therefrom. End members 31, 32 and side members 33, 34 are respectively interconnected adjacent the opposite ends thereof to establish the rigid assembly of parts which also includes platform 29.

A pair of spaced apertures 35, 37 are provided through platforms 29 in spaced relationship on either side of hanger 25. A pair of upstanding sleeves 39, 41 respectively extend through apertures 35, 37. Sleeves 39, 41 are fixedly attached to platform 29 by suitable means, as for example by welding or the like, and extend upwardly from the platform. An additional pair of spaced apertures 42 are provided through platform 29 for a purpose later to be described.

Carrier 15 includes in general a base 43 and a pair of pipes 45, 47 attached thereto and extending upwardly therefrom. Pipes 45, 47 respectively slidably extend through sleeves 39, 41 and upwardly therebeyond. An nular flanges 49, 51 are respectively fixedly attached to pipes 45, 47 adjacent the upper ends thereof and are adapted to respectively contact sleeves 39, 41 to limit downward movement of carrier relative to upper part 13.

Base 43 preferably includes a pair of sides 53, 55 rigidly interconnected adjacent the opposite ends thereof respectively by horizontally disposed pipe members 57, 59 having angle members 61, 63 respectively attached thereto and respectively extending between sides 53, 55. Base 43 additionally includes a horizontal plate 65 fixedly attached adjacent the opposite ends thereof to pipe members 57, 59. Plate 65 extends in spaced parallel relationship with sides 53, 55 to establish openings 68, 69 in base 43 respectively between the sides and the plate. The portion of base 43 to which pipes 45, 47 are respectively attached as heretofore described, is preferably horizontal plate 65, as best seen in FIG. 4. A plurality of transversely extending braces 70 respectively extend on opposite sides of hanger 25 between the opposite side edges of the hanger and platform 29.

It will be understood that with device 11 in said extended position, if carrier 15 is held stationary and upper part 13 is free to move downwardly relative to carrier 15, upper part 13 will be limited in its downward movement by engagement of upper part 13 and base 43 to stop the device 11 in said retracted disposition. Means is provided for automatically and releasably holding carrier 15 fixed relative to upper part 13 once the device 11 has moved into said retracted disposition, and this means preferably comprises the following:

A pin 71 slidably extends through an aperture 73 in sleeve 41 and slidably through a sleeve 75 which is fixedly attached to sleeve 41 and outwardly extends therefrom. Pin 71 is pivotally joined adjacent its outer end to an arm 77 by suitable means, as a link 79 pivotally connected to the pin 71 and the arm 77. The opposite end of arm 77 from link 79 is fixedly attached to a shaft 81 rotatably carried in a pair of bearings 83, 85 which are supported from upper part 13 by suitable means, as brackets 87, 89. A rod 91 is pivotally connected adjacent one end thereof, as at pivot point 93, to an arm 95 which in turn is fixedly attached to shaft 81. Rod 91 slida-bly extends through an aperture provided in one of braces 70 and extends beyond the brace where it is provided with a nut 97 engaged on the threaded end of the rod and a washer 99 which acts as the seat of a spring 101 surrounding the rod and extending between the washer and the back side of the brace. From the foregoing, it will be understood that the spring 101 urges rod 91 to the left thereby urging arm 95 and shaft 8 1 clockwise, as viewed in FIG. 3, which in turn urges pin 71 inwardly towards pipe, 47. An aperture 105 is.provided in pipe 47 which comes into alignment with pin 71 when device 11 is moved into said retracted'dis'position so that the end 106 of the pin is adapted'to enter the aperture and retain device 11 in said retracted disposition. In addition, means, to be described later, is provided for withdrawing pin 71 from aperture 105 to release device 11 from said retracted disposition. From the foregoing it will be understood that device 11 is adapted to be gravity actuated to said retracted disposition when base 43 is rested on a supporting surface with upper part 13 unsupported; and that device '11 is adapted to be gravity actuated to said extended disposition when the device is supported in the air by rig 17 and with the end 106 of pin 71 being withdrawn from aperture 105. V

A pair of slings indicated in general as at 107, 109 are respectively suspended from opposite sides of upper part 13. Slings 107, 109 respectively extend downward- 13; through openings'68, 6'9 and are adapted to carry a load therein. Since sling 109 is substantially identical with sling 107 and operates in substantially the same manner, in the drawings the complete arrangement of sling 167 is shown but only a fragmentary part of sling 109 is shown. Thus, the following description of sling 107 is deemed sufficient:

Sling 107 comprises, in general, two parts: a sling member 110 and an opposing sling member 111. The upper ends of each of sling members 110, 111 are respectively attached to side member 33 by suitable means, as shackles 113, 115 or the like, and the lower ends of the sling members are provided with connecting means, later to be described, for detachably connecting the free ends of the sling members to complete the sling. Sling member 110 is preferably constructed by a chain portion 117 forming the upper part thereof, and a cable portion 119 forming the lower part thereof, which is connected by suitable means to the lower end of the chain portion. Likewise, sling member 111 comprises an upper chain portion 121 and a lower cable portion 123. The lower end of cable portion 119 is provided with a loop 125 adapted to be engaged, in the manner shown in FIG. 3, by a hook 127 pivotally mounted on cable portion 123 by a loop 129 provided in the end of the cable portion extending through an aperture 131 provided in hook 127.

An elongated trip member, indicated in general as at 133, is attached to hook 127 adjacent the opposite end of the hook from the pivotal connection with loop 129. This connection of the trip member 133 and the hook 127 is preferably by means of a loop 135 provided in the end of trip member 133 which extends through an aperture 137 in the hook. As in the case of the sling members, trip member 133 is preferably formed with a lower cable portion 139 and an upper chain portion 141. A trip member 143 having a chain portion 144 is also provided for sling and is of the same construction and operation as trip member 133.

The upper ends of trip members 133, 143 are attached to carrier 15 for movement therewith. This attachment is preferably by means of an arch-shaped anchor 145 which forms a part of carrier 15 and is fixedly attached to pipe 47 adjacent the upper end thereof. Anchor 145 is provided with a pair of slots 147, 149 depending from a central opening 151 in the anchor. Each of slots 147, 149 are preferably of a width slightly greater than the thickness of the individual links of the chain portions of trip members 133, 143 and less than the width of the chain links. Thus, the anchor 145 is adapted to adjustably hold the upper ends of the chain portions 141, 144. For example, as best seen in FIGS. 2 and 3, one of the links of chain portion 141 extends through slot 147 and the link adjoining the one extending through the slot engages the inner side 152 of anchor 145 to hold the chain portion. The chain portions 141, 144 are preferably joined together into one continuous chain with the unused portion being adapted to extend downwardly into the interior of pipe 47 On the exterior of pipe 47 chain portions 141, 144 preferably extend downwardly respectively through apertures 42.

A small chain 153 is attached adjacent the lower end thereof to upper chain portion 121 by suitable means, as a stud 154 welded to upper chain portion 121, and is attached adjacent the opposite or upper end thereof to an arm 155, which in turn is fixedly attached to shaft 81. A similar small chain 156 is provided for sling 109.

For the purposes of describing the operation of the device 11, the description is started with the device in the position shown in FIG. 3. It is assumed that the sling 107 is carrying a load therein which is suspended in the air. The device 11 is lowered by rig 17 onto the bed 157 of a railroad car or other supporting surface on which the load is to be deposited. Lowering is continued until device 11 rests on the load A, as shown in FIG. 6. It will be' understood that in lowering the device 11 onto the load A, as above described, the base 43 will contact the top of the load first and continued lowering will permit upper part 13 to continue moving downwardly, even though base 43 has been stopped by the load, until the device is in said retracted disposition, whereupon the pin 71 will enter aperture 105 and hold the device in the retracted disposition. It should be noted at this point that the sling 107 is in a slack disposition, as shown in FIG. 6, when the device 11 is resting on load A, so that small chain 153 is permitted to move upwardly to allow arm 155 to rotate clockwise under the influence of spring 101 when pin 71 enters aperture 105. If there was no slack in sling 107 this could not occur since the length of small chain 153 is such that when a load is supported in sling 107 the small chain exerts a downward pull on arm 155 sufficiently to withdraw pin 71 from aperture 195. Also, it should be noted that movement of the device 11 into the retracted disposition effectively shortens the trip members 133, 143 relative to slings 107, 109 by an amount equal to the distance that the upper ends of the trip members have been carried upwardly by anchor 145 relative to upper part 13. The next step in the operation of the device is for device 11 to be raised from the load A, which will cause the trip members 133, 143 to be pulled upwardly so that hook 127 is rotated counterclockwise, as viewed in FIG. 5, by the trip member to disengage the hook from loop 125 and release the load. As the released sling members 110, 111 are being pulled upwardly from under the load, it will be understood that there is frictional contact with the load which will cause a downward force to be exerted on the sling members which in turn will cause a downward pull on small chain 153 to rotate arm 155 counterclockwise, as viewed in FIG. 3, against the force of spring 101 to Withdraw the pin 71 from aperture 195 and permit carrier 15 to drop downwardly. It will be understood that the device 11 is now reset and ready for the next load. Also, it will be understood that the above described operation is equally applicable to the operation of sling 109, which operates simultaneously with the operation of sling 107.

From the foregoing description it will be understood that a very unique type of device is provided which automatically is reset and which is actuated by lowering thereof onto the load and subsequent raising of the device, without the necessity for additional power or other means for releasing the slings, thus eliminating such arrangements as a so'called third drum.

Although the invention has been described and illus trated with respect to a preferred embodiment thereof, it is to be understood that it is not to be so limited since changes and modifications may be made therein which are within the full intended scope of this invention as hereinafter claimed.

I claim:

1. In a load carrying apparatus, a movable supporting rig, a tripping device comprising an upper part including a platform, a base disposed below said platform, means movably joining said upper part and said base for movement of said device between a normal extended position in which said base is spaced below said platform and a retracted position inrwhich said base is adjacent said platform, means attached to said upper part and said rig suspending said device from said rig for movement therewith, sling means for carrying a load, said sling means including at least a pair of sling members each having an upper end and a free end, each of said sling members being attached adjacent its upper end to said platform and depending below said base, connecting means for detachably connecting the free ends of said sling members to releasably hold the load, an elongated trip member attached adjacent one end thereof to said connecting means and adapted to be pulled, said connecting means including means for disconnecting the connecting means when said trip member is pulled, said base being adapted to be lowered by said supporting rig into contact with the load when the load is unsupported and there is slack in said sling means, means anchoring said trip member adjacent its upper end thereof to said base with said trip member depend-ing below said base, lowering of said base onto the load being effective to move said device to said retracted position, movement of said device from said extended to said retracted position being effective to move said platform downwardly relative to said base to carry the upper ends of said sling members downwardly relative to the upper end of said trip mem ber whereby as measured below said base the effective length of said trip member is shortened relative to said sling members, holding means interconnecting said upper part and said base when said device is in said retracted position for automatically holding said device in said retracted position when moved thereinto, shortening of said trip member relative to said sling members being effective upon subsequent raising of said supporting rig and before the slack is taken out of said sling means to cause tightening of said trip member to pull on said connecting means thereby disconnecting the free ends of said sling members and releasing the load therefrom, and means interconnecting a sling member and said holding means for releasing said holding means upon downward pull on said sling members caused by the frictional contact of the load with said sling members upon upward movement of said supporting rig to permit said base to drop into its normal spaced position below said platform ready for the next load.

2. In a load carrying apparatus, a movable supporting rig, a tripping device comprising a platform, a base disposed below said platform, means movably joining said base and said platform for movement of said device between 21 normal extended position in which said base is spaced below said platform and a retracted position in which said base is adjacent said platform, means interposed between said platform and said rig suspending said device from said rig for movement therewith, sling means for carrying a load, said sling means including at least a pair of sling members each having an upper end and a free end, each of said sling members being attached adjacent its upper end to said platform and depending below said base, connecting means for detachably connecting the free ends of said sling members to releasably hold the load, an elongated trip member attached adjacent one end thereof to said connecting means and attached adjacent the opposite end to said platform, said connecting means including means for disconnecting the connecting means when said trip member is pulled, said base being adapted to be lowered by said supporting rig into contact with the load when the load is unsupported and there is slack in said sling means, means anchoring said trip member adjacent its upper end thereof to said base with said trip member depending below said base, lowering of said base onto the load being efiective to move said device to said retracted position, movement of said device from said extended position to said retracted po sition being effective to shorten said trip member relative to said sling means as measured below said base, holding means interconnecting said platform and said base when said device is in said retracted position for automatically holding said device in said retracted position when moved thereinto, whereby when said supporting rig is subsequently raised and before the slack is taken out of said sling means said trip member is tightened and a pull is exerted on said connecting means to disconnect the free ends of said sling members and release the load therefrom, and means interconnecting a sling member and said holding means for releasing said holding means to permit said base to drop into its normal spaced position below said platform ready for the next load.

3. In a load carrying apparatus, a movable supporting rig, a tripping device comprising a platform, a base disposed below said platform, means movably joining said base and said platform for movement of said device he- 7 r tween a normal extended position in which said base is spaced below said platform and a retracted position in which said base is adjacent said platform, means attached to said platform and said rig suspending said device from said rig for movement therewith, sling means for carrying a load, said sling means including at least a pair of sling members each having an upper end and a free end, each of said sling members being attached adjacent its upper end to said platform and depending below said base, connecting means for detachably connecting the free ends of said sling members to releasably hold the load, an elongated trip member attached adjacent one end thereof to said connecting means and attached adjacent the opposite end to said base, said connecting means including means for disconnecting the connecting means when said trip member is pulled, said base being adapted to be lowered by said supporting rig into contact with the load when the load is unsupported and there is slack in said sling means, means anchoring said trip member adjacent its upper end thereof to said base with said trip member depending below said base, lowering of said base onto the load being effective to move said device to said retracted position, movement of said device from said extended position to said retracted position being effective to shorten said trip member relative to said sling means as measured below said base, holding means interconnecting said platform and said base when said device is in said retracted position for automatically holding said device in said retracted position when moved thereinto, whereby when said supporting rig is subsequently raised and before the slack is taken out of said' sling means said trip member is tightened and a pull is exerted on said connecting means to disconnect the free ends of said sling members and release the load therefrom.

4. in a load carrying apparatus, a movable supporting rig, a tripping device comprising an upper part including a platform, a carrier including a base disposed below said platform, means interposed between said upper part and said rig suspending said device from said rig for movement therewith, sling means for carrying a load, said sling means including at least a pair of sling members having an upper end and a free end, each of said sling members being attached adjacent its upper end to said platform and depending below said base, connecting means for detachably connecting the free ends of said sling members to releasably hold the load, an elongated trip member attached adjacent one end thereof to said carrier and depending below said base and attached adjacent the opposite end to said connecting means, said connecting means including means for disconnecting the connecting means when said trip member is pulled, said platform being provided with a pair of spaced apertures, a pair of upstanding sleeves attached to said platform and respectively extending through said apertures, a pair of upstanding pipes attached to said base and slidably extending upwardly respectively through said sleeves whereby when said device is suspended by said rig said carrier is adapted to move downwardly relative to said upper part under the influence of gravity, a'pair of flanges respectively attached to said pipes adjacent the upper ends thereof and adapted to contact said sleeves to limit downward movement of said base relative to said platform to stop said device in a normally extended position in which said base is spaced below said platform, said device being adapted to be lowered by said supporting rig into contact with the load to rest thereon when said upper part is unsupported and there is slacktin said sling means" whereby said upper part is adapted to move downwardly relative to said carrier under the influence of gravity, downward movement of said upper part relative to said carrier being limited by contact of said upper part and said base to stop said device in a retracted position, holding means interconnecting said carrier and said upper part for automatically holding said device in said retracted position when moved thereinto, movement of said device from said extended position to said retracted position being effective to shorten said trip member relative to said sling means as measured below said base whereby when said supporting rig is subsequently raised and before the slack is taken out of said sling means said trip member is tightened and a pull is exerted on said connecting means to disconnect the free ends of said sling members and release the load therefrom, and means interconnecting a sling member and said holding means for releasing said holding means upon downward pull on said sling members caused by the frictional contact of the load with said sling members upon upward movement of said supporting rig to permit said base to drop into its normal spaced position below said platform ready for the next load.

5. In a load carrying apparatus, a movable supporting rig, a tripping device comprising an upper part including a platform, a carrier including a base disposed below said platform, means interposed between said upper part and said rig suspending said device from said rig for movement therewith, sling means for carrying a load, said sling means including at least a pair of sling members each having an upper end and a free end, each of said sling members being attached adjacent its upper end to said platform and depending below said base, connecting means for detachably connecting the free ends of said sling members to releasably hold the load, an elongated trip member attached adjacent one end thereof to said carrier and depending below said base and attached adjacent the opposite end to said connecting means, said connecting means including means for disconnecting the connecting means when said trip member is pulled, at

a least one upstanding sleeve attached to said platform, an

upstanding pipe attached to said base and slidably extending upwardly through said sleeve whereby when said device is suspended by said rig said carrier is adapted to move downwardly relative to said upper part under the influence of gravity, a flange attached to said pipe adjacent the upper end thereof and adapted to contact said sleeve to limit downward movement of said base relative to said platform to stop said device in a normally extended position in which said base is spaced below said platform, said device being adapted to be lowered by said supporting rig into contact with the load to rest thereon when said upper part is unsupported and there is slack in said sling means whereby said upper part is adapted to move downwardly relative to said carrier under the influence of gravity, downward movement of said upper part relative to said carrier being limited by contact of said upper part and said base to stop said device in a retracted position, said sleeve and said pipe being respectively provided with apertures in alignment when, said device is in said retracted position, a pin, resilient means urging said pin into said apertures when aligned to releasably hold said device in said retracted position, movement of said device from said extended position to said retracted position being effective to shorten said trip member relative to said sling means as measured below said base whereby when said supporting rig is subsequently raised and before the slack is taken out of said sling means said trip member is tightened and a pull is exerted on said connecting'means to disconnect the free ends of said sling member and release the load therefrom, means operably coupled between said pin and at least one of 'said sling members for pulling said pin from one of said apertures when a downward pull is exerted on said sling members caused by the frictional contact of the load with said sling members upon upward movement of said supporting rig whereby said device is released to permit said base to drop into its normal spaced position below said platform ready for the next load.

6. In a load carrying apparatus, movable supporting means, sling means for carrying a load, said sling means including at least a pair of sling members each having an upper end and a free end, means coupling each of said sling members adjacent its upper end to said supporting means and depending below said supporting means, connecting means for detachably connecting the free ends of said sling members, and elongated trip member attached adjacent one end thereof to said connecting means and adapted to be pulled, said trip member being suspended from said supporting means and depending below said supporting means, said connecting means including means for disconnecting the connecting means when said trip member is pulled, and means interacting between said trip member and said sling means for shortening the efiective length of said trip member relative to said sling means as measured below said supporting means when said supporting means is lowered to a position in which the load is unsupported and there is slack in said sling means, said trip member being shortened enough by said shortening means so that when said supporting means is raised again and before the slack is taken out of said sling means said trip member is tightened whereby a pull is exerted on said connecting means to disconnect the free ends of said sling members and release the load therefrom.

7. In a load carrying apparatus of the type including sling means and an elongated trip member for releasing said sling means upon pull on said trip member, a device for positioning the trip member relative to said sling means to cause pull of said trip member upon subsequent upward movement together of said trip member andvsaid sling means, said device comprising a carrier including a base adapted to rest on the load, an upper part slidably supported on said carrier for movement downwardly relative to said carrier when said base is resting on the load, said sling means being attached to said upper part and depending below said carrier, and said trip member being attached to said carrier and depending therebelow, whereby upon downward movement of said upper part the effective length of said trip member below said carrier is shortened relative to said sling means.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 617,267 Wiley Jan. 3, 1899 1,722,329 Grindahl et a1 July 30, 1929 2,790,671 Kenworthy Apr. 30, 1957 

